MEDICAL SPECIALTIES AND THEIR FOCUS (a must-read for every medical student)

  To a certain extent, medical practitioners have always been specialised. According to trusted sources, specialisation was common among Roman physicians many many years ago!!!!!. The particular system of modern medical specialities evolved gradually during the 19th century.
  Most medical students would love to specialize after school. below is a list of some of the major Specialities in medicine, we hope you enjoy the read and make a good decision when the time is right. so please read up and comment on your preferred choice and why. remember it is never to early to PLAN!!!! Informal social recognition of medical specialisations evolved before the formal legal system.

Specialty Focus 1.     Allergy and Immunology Allergic reactions, asthma, and the immune system 2.     Anesthesiology Anesthesia 3.     Cardiology Disease of the cardiovascular system 4.     Cardiovascular surgery The operation of heart and major blood vessels of the chest. 5.     Clinical laboratory sciences Application of diagnostic techniques in medical laboratories such as assays, microscope analysis. 6.     Dermatology Skin and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands etc.). 7.     Dietetics Food and nutrition 8.     Emergency medicine The initial management of emergent medical conditions, often in hospital emergency departments or the field. 9.     Endocrinology The endocrine system (i.e., endocrine glands and hormones) and its diseases, including diabetes and thyroid diseases. 10.  Family Medicine Continuing, comprehensive health care for the individual and family, integrating the biological, clinical and behavioural sciences to treat patients of all ages, sexes, organ systems, and diseases. 11.  Forensic Medicine 12.  Gastroenterology branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders. 13.  General surgery Surgical speciality that focuses on abdominal contents including oesophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts, and often the thyroid gland. They also deal with diseases involving the skin, breast, soft tissue, and hernias. 14.  Geriatrics Elderly patients 15.  Hepatology The liver and biliary tract, usually a part of gastroenterology. 16.  Infectious disease Diseases caused by biological agents 17.  Intensive care medicine Life support and management of critically ill patients, often in an ICU. 18.  Medical research 19.  Nephrology Kidney diseases 20.  Neurology Diseases involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems 21.  Neurosurgery Disease of the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and spinal column. 22.  Obstetrics and gynecology Female reproductive health 23.  Oncology Cancer and other malignant diseases, often grouped with haematology. 24.  Ophthalmology Diseases of the visual pathways, including the eyes, brain, etc. 25.  Oral and maxillofacial surgery Disease of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. 26.  Orthopedic surgery Injury and disease of the musculoskeletal system. 27.  Otorhinolaryngology, or ENT Treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders. The term head and neck surgery defines a closely related speciality that is concerned mainly with the surgical management of cancer of the same anatomical structures. 28.  Palliative care A relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with terminal illnesses including cancer and heart failure. 29.  Pathology Understanding disease through examination of molecules, cells, tissues and organs. The term encompasses both the medical specialty that uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information and the related scientific study of disease processes. 30.  Paediatric surgery 31.  Pediatrics deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents (from newborn to age 16-21, depending on the country). 32.  Physical medicine and rehabilitation Or Physiatry Concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or congenital disorders. 33.  Plastic surgery Elective cosmetic surgery as well as reconstructive surgery after traumatic or operative mutilation. 34.  Podiatry branch of medicine devoted to the study of diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and lower extremity. 35.  Proctology (or Colorectal Surgery) Treats disease in the rectum, anus, and colon. 36.  Psychiatry The bio-psycho-social study of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cognitive, perceptual, emotional and behavioral disorders. Related non-medical fields include psychotherapy and clinical psychology. 37.  Pulmonology The lungs and respiratory system. Pulmonology is generally considered a branch of internal medicine, although it is closely related to intensive care medicine when dealing with patients requiring mechanical ventilation. 38.  Radiology The use of expertise in radiation in the context of medical imaging for diagnosis or image guided minimally invasive therapy. X-rays, etc. 39.  Rheumatology Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the joints and other organ systems, such as arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. 40.  Stomatology Diseases of the mouth 41.  Surgical oncology Curative and palliative surgical approaches to cancer treatment. 42.  Thoracic surgery Surgery of the organs of the thoracic cavity: the heart, lungs, and great vessels. 43.  Transplant surgery Transplantation of organs from one body to another 44.  Urgent Care Medicine Immediate medical care offering outpatient care for the treatment of acute and chronic illness and injury 45.  Urology Urinary tracts of males and females, and the male reproductive system. It is often practiced together with andrology ("men's health"). 46.  Vascular surgery The peripheral blood vessels – those outside of the chest (usually operated on by cardiovascular surgeons) and of the central nervous system (treated by neurosurgery)